(1) Pelvic mirror
In 1901, the Russian gynecologist D.O.ott also incised the posterior fornix of the vagina under frontoscopic illumination and put it into a cystoscope to observe a woman's abdominal cavity. This is the first pelvic mirror.
(Two), diagnostic laparoscopy
In 1910, Jacobaeus.H.C first used a cannula puncture needle to be inserted into the abdominal wall and air was injected into the abdominal cavity through the cannula, and then put into a cystoscope for examination. In 1944, Raoul Palmerjiang of France officially applied laparoscopy in the field of gynecology, examined a large number of infertile patients and formulated the operating routine of laparoscopy. Published a monograph in 1963, systematically introducing some relatively simple operations under laparoscopy, such as: tubal ventilation and fluid drainage; simple organ adhesion separation; fallopian tube electrocoagulation and sterilization; endometriotic focus electrocoagulation , Electrocautery, etc.
(Three), surgical laparoscopy
After entering the 1970s, due to the invention of cold light source and glass fiber endoscope, Germany Semm's artificial pneumoperitoneum monitoring device, an automatic pneumoperitoneum machine, came out. So far, laparoscopic surgery has developed vigorously. Because of its small damage and no need for laparotomy, it was quickly accepted by both doctors and patients. In 1980, Dr. Nezhat in the United States began to use video laparoscopy for surgery. The surgical field is clearly displayed on the screen, and the field of vision is enlarged. Many doctors can see the operation process at the same time, which is conducive to technical communication and research, as well as the cooperation of assistants and the assistance of anesthesiologists. In the late 1980s, Professor Kurt Semm in Germany invented many new surgical instruments and techniques. Such as: microscopic suture instruments, flushing pumps, various forceps, scissors, combined pulverizers, cutters, etc. There are various methods for hemostasis under the microscope: monopolar coagulation, bipolar coagulation, ligation ferrules, internal suture technology, titanium clips, staplers and other technological advancements have enabled more complicated operations to be completed under the microscope. In 1988, Reich H performed the first laparoscopic total hysterectomy. Since then, the scope of gynecological surgery has expanded. Almost 90% of gynecological operations can be completed under laparoscopic surgery.
